Identification of Earth’s virome is a fundamental step in preparing for the next pandemic. To catalyse global virus discovery, we developed the Serratus cloud computing infrastructure for ultra-high-throughput sequence alignment, screening 5.7 million ecologically diverse sequencing libraries or 10.2 petabases of data.
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Petabases (1 × 10 15 bases) of sequencing data are freely available in public databases such as the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) 1, in which viral nucleic acids are often captured incidental to the goals of the original studies 12. Here we propose an alternative alignment-based strategy that is considerably cheaper than assembly and enables processing of massive datasets. Sequence analysis remains computationally expensive, in particular the assembly of short reads into contigs, which limits the breadth of samples analysed. Pioneering works expanding the virome of the Earth have each uncovered thousands of novel viruses, with the rate of virus discovery increasing exponentially and driven largely by the increased availability of high-throughput sequencing 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. Global surveillance of virus diversity is required for improved prediction and prevention of future epidemics, and is the focus of international consortia and hundreds of research laboratories 3, 4. There are an estimated 3 × 10 5 mammalian virus species from which infectious diseases in humans may arise 2, of which only a fraction are known at present. Viral zoonotic disease has had a major impact on human health over the past century, with notable examples including the 1918 Spanish influenza, AIDS, SARS, Ebola and COVID-19. Expanding the known sequence diversity of viruses can reveal the evolutionary origins of emerging pathogens and improve pathogen surveillance for the anticipation and mitigation of future pandemics.
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To catalyse the ongoing revolution of viral discovery, we established a free and comprehensive database of these data and tools. We characterized novel viruses related to coronaviruses, hepatitis delta virus and huge phages, respectively, and analysed their environmental reservoirs. We searched 5.7 million biologically diverse samples (10.2 petabases) for the hallmark gene RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and identified well over 10 5 novel RNA viruses, thereby expanding the number of known species by roughly an order of magnitude. Here we developed a cloud computing infrastructure, Serratus, to enable ultra-high-throughput sequence alignment at the petabase scale. Continued abuse of our services will cause your IP address to be blocked indefinitely.Public databases contain a planetary collection of nucleic acid sequences, but their systematic exploration has been inhibited by a lack of efficient methods for searching this corpus, which (at the time of writing) exceeds 20 petabases and is growing exponentially 1. Please fill out the CAPTCHA below and then click the button to indicate that you agree to these terms. If you wish to be unblocked, you must agree that you will take immediate steps to rectify this issue. If you do not understand what is causing this behavior, please contact us here. If you promise to stop (by clicking the Agree button below), we'll unblock your connection for now, but we will immediately re-block it if we detect additional bad behavior. Overusing our search engine with a very large number of searches in a very short amount of time.Using a badly configured (or badly written) browser add-on for blocking content.Running a "scraper" or "downloader" program that either does not identify itself or uses fake headers to elude detection.Using a script or add-on that scans GameFAQs for box and screen images (such as an emulator front-end), while overloading our search engine.There is no official GameFAQs app, and we do not support nor have any contact with the makers of these unofficial apps. Continued use of these apps may cause your IP to be blocked indefinitely. This triggers our anti-spambot measures, which are designed to stop automated systems from flooding the site with traffic. Some unofficial phone apps appear to be using GameFAQs as a back-end, but they do not behave like a real web browser does.Using GameFAQs regularly with these browsers can cause temporary and even permanent IP blocks due to these additional requests. If you are using Maxthon or Brave as a browser, or have installed the Ghostery add-on, you should know that these programs send extra traffic to our servers for every page on the site that you browse.The most common causes of this issue are: Your IP address has been temporarily blocked due to a large number of HTTP requests.